The Sesath industry in Unaveruwa is a unique and treasured part of Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage. Although the industry faces significant challenges, particularly with the declining interest of the younger generation and the scarcity of raw materials, efforts are being made to revitalize and preserve this ancient craft. Through community-based initiatives, governmental support, and the promotion of Sesath as a cultural symbol, there is hope for the continuation of this important artisan tradition. The Sesath, with its rich history and cultural significance, remains a vital part of Sri Lanka’s identity, offering a glimpse into the country’s past and its enduring cultural practices.
The Sesath, a traditional Sinhalese umbrella, holds a deep cultural and historical significance in Sri Lanka, particularly in the Matale District. Known for its association with aristocracy, ritual ceremonies, and status symbolism, the Sesath is not merely a functional item but a symbol of prosperity, status, and heritage. Though its use today is largely ceremonial, the craft of making Sesath has endured in the small village of Unaveruwa, where it remains an important livelihood for many families.
The term “Sesath” is derived from the Sanskrit word “shveta-chatra,” meaning “white umbrella,” indicative of the traditional white umbrellas of the past. Historically, the Sesath was not just a sunshade but a symbol of authority and wealth. In ancient times, the Sesath was used by aristocrats to demonstrate their high social status, and it was carried by attendants during ceremonial functions, especially in Kandyan culture. In addition, it played a ritual role during religious ceremonies and celebrations, such as Peraheras (processions), weddings, and funerals.
The making of traditional Sesath continues today in the village of Unaveruwa, located in the Asgiriya Udasiyapattu Korale of the Matale District. This village is home to an ancient clan, the Vellidura, believed to have arrived in Sri Lanka with the sacred Bodhi tree during the reign of King Devanampiya Tissa. The Vellidura clan is credited with preserving the craft of Sesath making, which has been passed down through generations.
Over time, four families emerged in Unaveruwa, each contributing to the continuation of this ancient craft: Kira Durayale Gedara, Pusumba Durayale Gedara, Komala Durayale Gedara, and Pancavatte Gedara. However, the art of making Sesath was kept a closely guarded secret for many years, practiced by just one individual, Komala Durayalegedara Mutingia, who worked in isolation. It was only through the efforts of Kira Durayalegedara Lokukiriya, a kinsman of Mutingia, that the secret was shared and passed on to the other villagers. Lokukiriya’s perseverance and dedication ensured the survival of this ancient craft.
In 1968, with the help of the Government and Matale District MP Alick Aluvihare, Lokukiriya established a training center in Unaveruwa, where young villagers could learn the craft of Sesath making. This initiative enabled the villagers to produce Sesath for a wider market, reviving the industry and creating new opportunities for employment.
The making of a Sesath is a meticulous and skillful process that requires an understanding of traditional techniques passed down through generations. The raw materials used in the production of Sesath are relatively simple but require great craftsmanship to assemble. The primary materials include:
The process begins with boiling the Tala leaves to remove their bitterness, followed by dyeing them in various colors. These leaves are then cut into strips, some plaited, and sewn along with sheets of mica and cocoa fiber to create the desired patterns. The designs often feature motifs like the Nelum mala (stylized lotus flower) and Palapetta, made of plaited Tala leaves, symbolizing prosperity and spiritual significance.
There are several types of Sesath produced in Unaveruwa, varying in size, design, and number of circles:
Sizes range from 13 to 28 inches, and each Sesath is mounted on a lacquered pole, often produced locally. The Mala Hate Sesath is currently in the highest demand, particularly for use in home decor and ceremonial settings.
The Sesath industry remains a significant source of income for the villagers of Unaveruwa, with approximately 70 families involved in its production. However, many of these artisans engage in Sesath making on a part-time basis, supplementing their income with farming or other occupations. Despite the industry’s historical importance, there are challenges that hinder its growth and continuity.
One of the biggest challenges facing the Sesath industry is the scarcity of mica, a key material used in production. Additionally, the industry suffers from a lack of interest among the younger generation, who no longer engage in the craft as their predecessors once did. The younger generation’s disinterest, coupled with the inability to purchase necessary raw materials, poses a serious threat to the future of the craft.
Despite these challenges, efforts have been made to preserve and promote the Sesath industry. Government support, through initiatives like the Department of Small Industries and the National Design Centre, has helped the community by providing production units, sales centers, and marketing opportunities. The establishment of sales facilities like Laksala, and efforts by the National Design Centre to incorporate Sesath into public and private institutions, have also provided an outlet for these traditional products.
The cultural significance of Sesath remains undeniable. Used in temples, weddings, funerals, and national celebrations, these majestic sunshades are steeped in religious and traditional values. The industry represents a crucial part of Sri Lanka’s intangible cultural heritage, and preserving this craft is of great national importance.
