Geographical Features of Matale District

Matale District is located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka and is known for its diverse landscape, ranging from lush mountain ranges to fertile valleys.
It spans an area of approximately 1,993 km² and offers a wide range of geographical features that contribute to its rich biodiversity and agricultural productivity.

1. Topography

Mountain Ranges:

Knuckles Mountain Range (Dumbara Hills ): A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this rugged range forms a natural barrier and is rich in biodiversity.

Hunnasgiriya and Aluvihara Hills: Prominent hills adding to the district’s undulating landscape.

Valleys and Plains:

Fertile plains in the lower elevations are used extensively for agriculture.

The Wasgamuwa Plains lie at the district’s eastern edge, merging into the dry zone and Dambulla Plain is a notable flatland in the northern region.

Elevation Range:

Varies from about 300 meters in the lowlands to over 1,800 meters in mountainous areas

2. Water Bodies and River Systems

Major Rivers:

Mahaweli River: The longest river in Sri Lanka flows through the district, supporting agriculture and hydroelectric projects.

Amban Ganga and Kalu Ganga: Tributaries enriching the river network.

Waterfalls:

Sera Ella, Bambarakiri Ella, and Rathna Ella are notable waterfalls that enhance the district’s scenic beauty.

3. Soil and Geology

Soil Types:

Red-Yellow Podzolic Soils: Predominantly in hilly areas, ideal for tea and spice cultivation.

Alluvial Soils: Found in river valleys, suitable for paddy farming.

Geological Features:

The region is part of the Highland Complex, originated from the Precambrian crystalline rocks, rich in quartzite,
gneisses, granulites, charnockites and marbles.
The district’s geology is rich in minerals and provides insight into the evolution of these rocks. 

These diverse geographical features make Matale District a significant ecological and cultural region in Sri Lanka, offering opportunities for agriculture, tourism, and conservation.